Timeline selection

Classical Age

500 BCE - 323 BCE. Persian wars, Athenian politics, Greek diplomacy, and the rise of Macedonia.

Closest essays

Articles nearest to this period

Greek World / 386 BCE

Artaxerxes II lays down the law, returns Ionia to Persia, proclaims autonomy, and makes Sparta the guarantor of a twilight peace.

Classical Greece Inside this period

Greek World / 440 BCE

Discover Aspasia of Miletus, influential intellectual and companion of Pericles, a major female figure of Classical Athens in the 5th century BCE.

Classical Greece Inside this period

Greek World / 480 BCE

At Thermopylae, 480 BC, Leonidas and his allies halted the Persian advance: history, archaeology, and the memory of sacrifice.

Classical Greece Inside this period

Greek World / 333 BCE

Memnon of Rhodes, the Greek commander in Persian service, nearly turned Alexander's conquest into a trap by striking at his lifeline in the Aegean.

Macedonian Empire Inside this period

Greek World / 490 BCE

At Marathon in 490 BCE, Athens and Plataea repelled Darius's Persian army, turning a battlefield in Attica into a symbol of resistance.

Classical Greece Inside this period

Greek World / 330 BCE

Parmenion, the loyal Macedonian general, was executed without trial, sacrificed in the shadow of Alexander's growing imperial power.

Macedonian Empire Inside this period

Roman World / 509 BCE

Lucretia's tragedy became the political spark that Roman tradition placed at the birth of the Republic and the fall of the Tarquins.

Roman Kingdom 9 years from this period

Ancient Near East / 560 BCE

From Mesopotamian silver ingots to Lydian coinage, the story of money leads to Croesus, Sardis, Delphi, and the fragile pride of wealth.

Lydian Kingdom 60 years from this period

Ancient Near East / 600 BCE

Lilith, Adam, Eve, Genesis, and later Jewish traditions: a journey through double creation, rebellion, patriarchy, and myth.

Biblical Traditions 100 years from this period